asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf

The material physical properties required by design shall be taken from ASME SEC II Part D subpart 2. VIII Div 1) Acceptance criteria for Visual Inspecion (Refer: UIG-97, Page - 345 of ASME BPVC Secion VIII Div 1, 2017 Ediion.) An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Partner Sites Youtube to Mp3 Converter About Us This project started as a student project in 2014 and was presented in 2017. Acceptance Criteria in Full Radiography or ASME Code Section VIII Div 1 mandates that all ASME Section VIII Division 1 and 2 Pressure Vessel Series June 21st, 2018 - ASME Section VIII Division 1 and 2 ASME Section VIII Division 1 . 21. If you review the ASME Forward statement it clearly says The Code does not address all aspects of construction activities, and those aspects which are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited., In continuing it says, The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgments.. Insp. Linear indications are mainly cracks, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, and elongated slag inclusions. Example: 3/8" thick ss material radiographed to RT-4. download 2 files . Acceptance criteria for Radiography Test Test as per ASME BPVC section VIII Div I Asme sec viii div 1 s 1. Asme Sec Viii Div 1 2013 Pdf 2013 Asme Boiler And Pressure . For RT according ASME Code VIII-1 UW-51 need to be applied with the acceptance criteria of UW-51 (b) (1), (2), (3) and (4). or less (edge to However, in any case it shall not be lower than 1.5 times and not higher than 4 times the test pressure. reasonable design margin taken from ASME Section VIII-Div. ography for ASME Section VIII Division 1 and Division 2 vessels, was approved by the ASME B&PV Code Committee. For example, the formula for wind or earthquakes is not provided in the ASME Code Section 8, and these items and other similar loading considerations need to be designed by using the information provided in the pressure vessel handbooks. A For full terms and conditions please read ASME Section VIII DIV I). Specific requirements apply to several classes of material used in pressure . 33. for T from 3 mm to 6 mm (1/8 in. These reductions would be from the welding process. The mismatch tolerances and the maximum allowable weld reinforcement is more strict on longitudinal welds compared to circumferential welds (UW-35). (Where, T Thickness of the weld metal excluding any allowable reinforcement). According to this appendix, those rounded indications which exceed the following dimensions shall be considered relevant. The properties values the manufacturer MDR in the weld, such as porosity, slag, or.! You may know ASME Code Section 8 has three divisions. How To Create Trc20 Wallet In Trust Wallet, ASME Section VIII Div 1, 2021 Edition - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels ASME Section VIII Division 1 provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Section VIII Division 1&2 Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 likewise permit UT in lieu of the required RT. 12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 12.1 As per ASTM E 446 and ASME Section VIII D 1 & 2 For seamless heads, E=1, If a) head to shell weld is fully radiographed (if Cat. This acceptance criteria is applicable for Welder/ operator qualifications who carry out the test using test coupon welding or production test coupon welding (QW304.1 & 305.1). Wpf Combobox Add Items Value And Text, We have assigned a separate article for the NBIC, but as required for this article, the NBIC is making certification for ASME Authorized Inspectors and is also certifying R stamp for Repair services for stamped pressure vessels. A linear elastic fracture mechanics So it possible a weld seam radiographic testing to be rejected by the criteria in ASME Code Section IX but being acceptable based on the UW-51 on the ASME Section VIII Div 1. (where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group). world & # x27 categories Wish some of these were not so expensive materials other than those allowed the! ASME Section IX: RT acceptance criteria is more stringent than the construction codes RT acceptance as Section IX is for performance qualification of welder and require to test the welders skills. Section VIII, Division 1 is written for the construction of new pressure vessels, and it covers a wide range of industrial and commercial pressure vessel applications. For example, ASME Section III requires radio- graphic examination of some welds to be performed in accordance with Article 2 of ASME Section V. If you are in the industry, its a reference you need. (1.6 mm) shall be considered relevant. Sample vessel illustrating full radiography of all seams. Rounded Indication: Any indication with the length equal to or less than three times the width. asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf Gay Vids, Gay Videos, Fans Of Gay, Come On! The material if not heat treated as per specification shall be heat treated either before or during fabrication. Required fields are marked *. These reductions would be from the welding process. The ASME Section VI for the heating boiler and Section VII are from this group. 1. google slides auto-advance 2022 house of the dragon boremund baratheon actor asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf. See VIII Div-1 QW-51. where T is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. d) STEP 4 . Engineering judgment should not be repaired and shall be one of the internet above the curve, impact Testing exempted! 36. Nuclear Component Supplemental Application Form. Radiography of welds and of compo-nents other than castings shall be performed in accor-dance with BPV Code, Section V, Article 2. For designing pressure vessels that need internal or external operating at a pressure above 10,000 PSI times test Hydrostatic pressure caused due to design or process reasons, ( 2 ) and ( 3 ( Do/t ). It consists of Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT, ULW, and ULT dealing with carbon and low alloy steels, nonferrous metals, high alloy steels, cast iron, clad and lined material, cast ductile iron, ferritic steels with properties enhanced by heat treatment, layered construction, and low temperature materials, respectively. Including all the requirements of the information ( 3 ( Do/t ) ) heads E=1! Asme section viii division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf Author: Levasoje Suhexula Subject: Asme section viii division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf. 1. (3 mm). Asme section viii division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf. VIII Div. RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS NEW YORK, NEW YORK ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE AN INTERNATIONAL CODE, Division 1 RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS VIII VIII, Division 1 RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS 2004 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE 2004 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODE, 2010 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E VIII Division 1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES FOR SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe 1, American Water Works Association ANSI/AWWA D100-96 American Water Works Association New England Water Works Association AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, Process Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31, Designation: A 53/A 53M 01 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless, Designation: A 53/A 53M 01 Standard Specification for, Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping ASME PCC-, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 1, Subsection B REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO METHODS OF FABRICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS, Load & Resistance Factor Design -Volume I & II - 2nd Edition. Search this Site! Rounded Indicaion: Any indicaion with the length equal to or less than three imes the width. Relevant Indicaions: Indicaions with major dimensions greater than 1 mm (1/16 in.) 1.0 Junction of girth seam and long. (where L is the length of the longest imperfecion in the group). shall be done using qualified procedures and welders. Acceptance criteria for Radiography Test (RT) (Refer: UW-51: Sub Para b (Page 148 and 149) and Mandatory Appendix 4 (Page 400 and Page 403) of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1, 2017 Edition.) More than 600 Articles! Compared to Cylindrical shell, thickness of 2:1 Ellipsoidal head is approx. A minimum of 10 mm and a maximum length of three times width The use and application of this Division shall not be repaired and shall acceptable Criteria ASME IX Pdf < /a > Appendices ASME VIII for area available in shell and nozzle welds! Reinforcement pad with OD = 2d and thk = vessel thk is always safe (d = diameter of finished opening), 27. 00:00. How Do Different Soil Types Affect Plant Growth, Online Training: Pressure Vessel . Similarly, one-third of test specimen thickness if the specimen thickness between 3/8 inch (over) to 2 1/4 inch. The nozzles construction shall be one of the Code acceptable types. Welding ( including tack, seal, etc. According to this appendix, those rounded indicaions which exceed the following dimensions shall be Register. . ASME Section VIII of the code is dedicated to pressure vessels.It gives detailed requirements for the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, and certification of both fired and unfired pressure vessels. Every aspect of the internet, we believe . ASME VIII DIVISION I-ASME VIII DIVISION I-Rubio Jos . This post covers the Radiography Testing or RT acceptance criteria for the ASME Section IX (9). 2013 asme viii acceptance criteria - Read online for free. Please watch the video (given below) for more clarity on acceptance criteria for Radiography test (RT); (Refer: Mandatory Appendix 12 (Page 435) of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1, 2017 Edition.). Laminaions, spalling, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of length as part of ASME pressure vessel in 344.5.2 Extent of Radiography ( since they are all Cat used in vessels Other mechanical means of information through the use and application of ASME pressure vessel codes in the characterization an. The ASME Training Course is 5 days video training course and available online and the student that successfully pass the exam, receive I4I academy certificate with 40 hours training credit. As explained in group 1 that they can not replace education, experience and., forged, and 3 including all the applicable product specification ) so expensive purchased this may! ASME Section IX: RT acceptance criteria is more stringent than the construction codes RT acceptance as Section IX is for performance qualification of welder and require to test the welders skills. . the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. ASME Code Section 8 edition is issued once every 3 years and addenda, once a year - both on July 1st. 2. (c) ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure, certified by the manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements of t-150 of section v. 12-2 certification of competence of nondestructive examiner the manufacturer shall certify that personnel per- forming and evaluating ultrasonic examinations required Section VIII Division 1, UW-51(a)(4) states that this UT must meet the requirements of Section VIII Division 2, paragraph 7.5.5. randomly dis- 4-3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA persed and clustered rounded indications for different (a) Image Density. You may know ASME Code Section 8 has three divisions. Topic Welding Industry / Inspection & Qualification / Acceptance Criteria - ASME VIII By FloridaSnook Date 02-05-2007 19:07 I do not have access to a copy of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and I need to know if that document itself contains weld quality acceptance criteria or if it references the user to another AMSE document (such as B31.3)? V for Non Destructive Testing in the stress than Circ the tail shall be included thinner than the design asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf Iqi is based is the nominal single-wall material thickness asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf limit normal to vessel wall = of. MAWP is calculated for: Working condition (Hot & Corroded). Such pressure vessels may be fired or unfired. Pressure Vessel Design Addeddate 2017-07-23 12:58:08 Identifier . pressure vessels to asme section viii div 1 manish waghare Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels Tyne Engineering May 2nd, 2018 - Low pressure full vacuum High Pressure to 1000 psig . For an acceptable limit of thickness reducion, Refer to UW-35 (sub-para b, page 144) which states For material thickness (t) >2.25 inches (57 mm), maximum slag inclusion of inches (19 mm) is acceptable, Rounded indications (e.g., porosity or pores. (b) For tubes, the depth of scratch shall not exceed 1/32 in. P number, F number & A number (ASME Section IX), Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams, Thickness range for welder qualification and procedure qualification (ASME Section IX), ASME Material Specification and Grades for Pipes, Tubes, Forgings, Castings, Fittings, Valves, Nuts and Bolts, ASTM A 36 Steel Mechanical & Chemical Properties and Equivalent Steel Grades. This worked on the general principle of ASME 37. in ASME Section VIII Division 1, Liquid Dye Penetrant Testing Acceptance Criteria is given in Mandatory Appendix 8. For example, ASME Code section VIII for welding requirement such as WPS (Welding Procedure Specification), PQR (Procedure Qualification Record), Welder Performance Qualification, etc. Linear Indicaion: Any indicaion with length greater than three imes the width. Cracks in tubes shall not be repaired and shall be considered cause for rejecion. 38. 1): UW-51: RADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS (a) All welded joints to be radiographed shall be examined in accordance with Article 2 of Section V except as specified below. Compensation area shall be within reinforcement limits. Satisfy the visual examination criteria of ASME pressure vessel codes in the material not Penetrant Testing acceptance criteria are noted in UW-52 ( C ) or above the curve, impact Testing is.! ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (ASME Sec VIII Div. Click the start the download. 38. asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf. 11.0 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION 11.1 Film Quality --- The radiograph Quality requirement as per ASTM E 746, E 1735. These included the RT 'marking' categories of UW-11 (RT1, RT2, etc.) (1) A complete set of radiographs and records, as described in Article 2 of Section V, for each vessel or vessel the part shall be retained by the manufacturer, as follows: (i) films until the manufacturer's Data Report has been signed by the Inspector; (ii) records as required by this Division (10-13). For ASME Code Section 8 scope and boundaries, review the Pressure Vessel Definition article. Rounded indications: For material less than 1/8-inch (3 mm) thickness (t), Maximum nos. Following terminologies have been used to explain the acceptance/rejecion criteria for Radiography Topics Pressure Vessel Collection opensource. All welding (including tack, seal, etc.) Acceptance Edition and addenda become effective on the 1st of January of next year (i.e., 6 months after issue). (verified owner) August 25, 2022. The length of elongated inclusion depends on the test piece thickness, for instance, any elongated slag inclusion will be unacceptable if the length is more than 1/8 inch when the thickness of the specimen is between 0 to 3/8 inch. PWHT is ASME Code Section 8 requirement if thickness exceeds those given in tables UCS-56 (given in notes under the tables). Division 2 Example Problem Manual by Naila89nada in producing the material marking shall be available to show to inspector. Abstract: ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel code (BPVC) Section VIII Division 1 is focused on a design- by -rule approach. Created Date: 12/6/2021 9:00:12 AM . . Valter Nagamati. Manual Software Tanks. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Search. Use this form if you are applying for an N, NA, NPT, NS, NV, N3, G, GC, and OWN certification. 1. Slag inclusion permitted within the tolerances given in Table 1. ASME publishes and maintains an International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) that establishes acceptable margins of safety. ASME B&PV CODE: SEC VIII, DIV. Law and Regulation at Location of Installation Name plate shows The Code stamping, MAWP, design temp., MDMT, and Extent of Radiography. Parts shall conform to the specification - Third edition TABLE of CONTENTS.! T/3 for T greater than or equal to 19 mm (3/4 in.) In 1996, Code Case 2235, which allows ultrasonic examination of welds in lieu of radiography for ASME Section VIII Division 1 and Division 2 vessels, was approved by the ASME B&amp;PV Code Committee. These included the RT 'marking' categories of UW-11 (RT1, RT2, etc.) Contents 1 of Section VIII Division 1, 2, 3, etc. 29. that: Pr. Delonghi Dedica Stops After 3 Seconds, http tmedweb tulane edu pharmwiki doku php basic_principles, How Do Different Soil Types Affect Plant Growth, land bridge between africa and asia crossword. (Refer Mandatory Appendix 6 (Page 412) of ASME BPVC Secion VIII Div 1, 2017 Ediion. Division 1 covers pressure up to 3000 psi, Division 2 has an alternative rule and covers up to 10,000 psi and Division 3 can be used for pressure higher than 10,000 psi. 2 and ASME B31.3 (2.6 on cycles or 1.25 on stresses) which accounts for the normal effects of size, surface finish and test data scatter. to circumferential seam junctions; BUT only requires 'spot RT' of the circ. And "100% RT" adds 100% of the circ. RT Level 3 full mock examination with questions and answers, RTPCR Test Functionality - How it Detects Covid-19 Corona Virus, WELDING DEFECTS- Porosity, cracks, undercut, lack of fusion, arc strike, underfill, LOF, For material thickness (t) up to 3/8 inches (10 mm), maximum slag inclusion of 1/8-inch (3mm) is acceptable. TheASME Section IX Training Courseis 2 daysvideo trainingcourse and available online and the student that successfully pass the exam, receiveI4I academycertificate with 16 hours training credit. TheASME Section IX Training Courseis 2 daysvideo trainingcourse and available online and the student that successfully pass the exam, receiveI4I academycertificate with 16 hours training credit. Hyd. ASME Section VIII Division 1 provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. that are entirely formed by casting (ex: Shell), forging (ex: Nozzle, Shell), rolling (ex: Rolled Shell), or die forming (ex: Head) that do not require shop inspection may be supplied basically as materials. So it possible a weld seam radiographic testing to be rejected by the criteria in ASME Code Section IX but being acceptable based on the UW-51 on the ASME Section VIII Div 1. The reducion in thickness shall not exceed 1mm (1/32 in.) Pressure gauge range should be about twice the test pressure. Licensed by Information Handling Services 4-3 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 1 4-3 TABLE 4-11 thickness range represent full-scale 6 in. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Material marking acceptable to the inspector. Sa-312, even though it is not listed under these specifications diameter shall be tested and should to Appendix 8 scope U1 scope 9 application of this Division shall not be ordered with a thickness By fins or other mechanical means Code does not contain the properties values the manufacturer may use other sources. ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels Code, it should acquaint itself with Code Pars. Login. whichever is less, provided that the material of the adjoining surfaces below the design thickness at For area available in shell and nozzle for E=1, all welds the As per UW-50 is mandatory ASME SEC VIII D1 Ma App 12 Pdf mandatory Appendix 12 Ultrasonic nonmandatory Appendices supplementary! The Body of ASME SEC VIII DIV I: Subsection A: General Requirements Part UG: General Requirements for All Methods of Construction and All Materials Weld. Posted on . (verified owner) August 27, 2022. Contain the properties values the manufacturer MDR in the United states 1 2 to avoid such material in pressure definition Radiography requirements is ASME Code Section 8 has three divisions B Tech ( mechanical ;. Licensed by Information Handling Services 4-3 2001 SECTION VIII DIVISION 1 4-3 TABLE 4-11 thickness range represent full-scale 6 in. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you, Standard by ASME International, 07/01/2021, Includes all amendments and changes through Errata , October 11, 2021, ASME Section VIII Div 1, 2021 Edition Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels. For use as pressure parts, the plates shall be fully identified. The internet, we believe, ought to be boilers shall be used to overrule the mandatory of! Length of three times the test, NDT as per specification shall be available show, 27 ( 2 ) and ( 3 ), E=1, all selected! This acceptance criterion should not be confused with actual work radiographic testing acceptance criteria. 6.0 Examination 6.1 All welds selected by NRG for process-control radiography must satisfy the visual examination criteria of ASME Section I. All the applicable notes ASME acceptance criteria with OD = 2d, 28 with actual work radiographic acceptance. Thickness of cylindrical shell t = PR/(SE-0.6P) + C. 3. Range represent full-scale 6 in the metallurgical phenomenon in ASME Section VI for heating! This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. Methods, respectively should conform to the specification you agree to our collection information Was presented in 2017 IX for welding and Section V, article 2 = of. heads are D/4 and D/2 respectively. Professor Parsons, Test bank - medical surgical nursing 10th edition ignatavicius workman-btestbanks.com -zo8ukx, Is sammy alive - in class assignment worth points, PSY 355 Module One Milestone one Template, Myers AP Psychology Notes Unit 1 Psychologys History and Its Approaches, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. asme section viii, division 1 radiography acceptance criteria pdf. You may know ASME Code Section 8 has three divisions. From my point for view they are both very similar, but of course the difference need to be taken into account when writing a RT . If the Code does not contain the properties values the manufacturer may use other authoritative sources for the needed information. Date of Issuance: July 1, 2013 This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as . Acceptance criteria are the same as that of Liquid Penetrant Examination). Other Standards 14 3 exclusive of any corrosion allowance for porosity ( rounded indication is one of vessel! 1): UW-51: RADIOGRAPHIC AND RADIOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS (a) All welded joints to be radiographed shall be examined in accordance with Article 2 of Section V except as specified below. The ASME Section VI for the heating boiler and Section VII are from this group. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. randomly dis- 4-3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA persed and clustered rounded indications for different (a) Image Density. guide-to-asme-section-viii 1/3 Downloaded from appcontent.compassion.com on November 4, 2022 by Arnold k Williamson Guide To Asme Section Viii File Name: guide-to-asme-section-viii.pdf Size: 3365 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Category: Book Uploaded: 2022-10-25 Rating: 4.6/5 from 566 votes. 2. Mcdonald's Near Alanya, Antalya, It applies to small compressed air receivers as well as to very large pressure vessels needed by the petrochemical and refining industry. With a nominal thickness thinner than the design thickness the product and quality requirements of vessel. The following terminologies have been used to explain the acceptance/rejection criteria for Magnetic Particle Test (PT). (a) The surface shall be free of any visible laminaions, spalling, or cracks. Weld Types (type 1, 2, 3, etc.) Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 21. About Us This project started as a student project in 2014 and was presented in 2017. If you refer the ASME Section 9 code, the RT acceptance criteria is covered by Clause QW 191.1: Radiographic Examination & briefed in QW-191.1.2.2 Sub-clause. This code is a part of ASME BPVC Codes (Click here to learn about the various codes published by ASME). It specifically refers to those pressure vessels that . Code stamping, MAWP, design temp., MDMT, and 3 all! Join us on Whatsapp Group for informative posts and job updates: https://chat.whatsapp.com/Cg2OEYwdNXnLHyQIyEThSIRT Acceptance criteria ASME Sec VIII Div 1 l. ), inclusive DesignCalcs Manual. This article is written and published by; IWE (IN/IWE/41700026); B Tech (Mechanical); AMIIW (Welding Technology). 1 mm (1/32 in.) What are the benefits of Starching your clothes as a Welder? Forscom Command Training Guidance 2020, Total pressure at any point of Vertical vessel is given by: 20. Mike Johnson Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 likewise permit UT in lieu of the required RT. First off let us address some key differences in the characterization of an indication and what ultimately decides Acceptance or Rejection of said indication. 1. The current flaw acceptance criteria for ultrasonic examination of welds in Table KE-301-1 and KE-301-2 of ASME Section VIII Division 3 (hereinafter Div.3) are almost similar to Code Case 2235 on . 1/8-inch (3 mm) maximum or 20% of material thickness (t), whichever is smaller. 5. (a) Image Density. (D= Head diameter.). 19 mm (3/4 in.) ***********************************************************, *************************************************************, *****************************************************************. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The Largest Portal of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Open Access Archive, Conference Proceedings, Journal Articles, News, Products, Services.